A Arqueologia das Leis de Liberdade de Informação: o Egito e as Leis contra Fake-News
The Archeology of Freedom of Information Laws: Egypt and Fake-News Laws
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47975/IJDL/3arafaPalavras-chave:
Liberdade de expressão, Liberdade de informação, Lei egípcia, lei cibernética, lei de mídia anti-terrorismoResumo
O direito à informação é o direito de saber por meio do acesso às informações públicas mantidas por instituições estatais. Reconhecido como fundamental nas democracias transparentes, com participativas e abertas, o direito de acesso à informação atualmente é progressivamente percebido como um direito humano emergente em nível global. Embora esse direito seja teorizado em vários contextos, é importante levar em consideração sua estrutura como uma força de mudança socioeconômica para grupos desfavorecidos. É fundamental compreender a capacidade instrumental deste direito em empoderar grupos desfavorecidos para acessar informações de propriedade do estado relevantes para seus direitos socioeconômicos e como uma ferramenta inclusiva que é capaz de estimular a inclusão de pessoas excluídas do âmbito da participação pública e Justiça social. A supressão de informações encontradas na internet em todo o mundo, inclusive no Oriente Médio, não é um fenômeno novo. A liberdade de expressão e de expressão facilitada pela Internet pode representar uma ameaça aos líderes autocráticos em todo o mundo que buscam manter um controle estrito sobre o conteúdo que seus cidadãos consomem e o conteúdo que postam. É significativo que se revele o papel de advocacy desempenhado por grupos da sociedade civil na promoção dessa capacidade de influência, por meio de sua capacidade de agir politicamente com base na informação pública. Embora o Egito tenha adotado recentemente suas normas constitucionais sobre o acesso à informação, surgem preocupações e dúvidas sobre a capacidade genuína dos cidadãos egípcios de acessar informações mantidas por instituições públicas. A longa cultura de sigilo burocrático, ambiente político-econômico e a estrutura legal, em vez disso, inflama as políticas excludentes relativas ao acesso à informação pública. Legislação como a lei de crimes cibernéticos, portanto, é crítica para o esforço geral de desviar ou suprimir qualquer crítica, especialmente em relação a arenas desafiadoras, como segurança e economia. Em todo o mundo, a acusação de “notícias falsas” está sendo usada para atingir dissidentes ou críticas, inclusive nos Estados Unidos. Essa recente lei egípcia deve servir como um alerta para as democracias em todo o mundo sobre a importância da liberdade na Internet e a maneira como as tecnologias da Internet e as disposições legais podem ser distorcidas para abusar, em vez de proteger, direitos básicos.
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